Now it appears they have psychoactive effects as well:
http://forums.thechaniproject.com/topic/6743-psychobiotics-how-gut-bacteria-mess-with-your-mind/
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1 Scientific American: “Humans Carry More Bacterial Cells than Human Ones”, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-humans-carry-more-bacterial-cells-than-human-ones/
/ influence gut bacteria emotion feeling feeling emotions felt stomach bug gut bacteria positive positively influence mood behaviour raising possibility new ways neurobehavioural disorders depression obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD obsessive compulsive disorder acquire intestinal microbes immediately after birth live important symbiotic relationship bacteria gut cells body mass weight mind brain bacteria vast array of genes produce producing hundreds thousands of chemicals influence your brain bacteria produce same molecules brain signalling dopamine serotonin gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA brain predominantly made of fats produced metabolic activity of bacteria absence gut bacteria brain structure function are altered mice reared raised germ-free germ free environment no exposure to bacteria alterations memory emotional state behaviour show autistic patterns of behaviour focus focusing inanimate objects other mice behavioural change driven alteration alterations underlying brain chemistry example dramatic changes in serotonin transmission changes key molecules brain derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor fundamental role forming new synapses probiotics health benefit Russian biologist Élie Metchnikoff region Bulgaria consumed fermented food live longer psychobiotics mental health benefit mental-health benefit California Institute of Technology Pasadena bacterium Bacteroides fragilis behavioural gastrointestinal deficits mouse model of autism Bifidobacterium infantis animal model of depression gut bacteria influence the brain mechanism mechanisms bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus dairy products potent anti-anxiety effects animals works changing expression GABA receptors brain changes mediated vagus nerve connects brain gut nerve severed no effect anxiety GABA receptors psychobiotic treatment L. rhamnosus alleviate OCD obsessive compulsive disorder behaviours behaviour GABA receptors brain synthesise release GABA evidence gut bacteria brain altering alter immune system manufacture of short-chain fatty acids short chain fatty acids /
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