At the moment, the picture is still unclear, but the risks seem to include:
• Smart phone use seems to constitute the biggest risk.
• All Web connected electronic devices contitute a risk, so avoid tablets, laptops & desktops too.
• Everyone needs a break from work at the end of the day.
It may be that the entire problem is essentially unrelated to the technology as such. A work phone, or other device, may simply be a tether which keeps the employee "at work", even after hours. YouTube on a work device out of hours may be OK. An email from the boss at 9 pm with a new task, or query, isn't.
http://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2014/02/06/smartphones-make-you-tired-and-unproductive-study-says/ / productive day at work tomorrow smartphone tonight reading send sending work email evening harder hard decent night’s sleep new research findings exhaust exhausts workers working worker work morning disengage disengaged next afternoon knowledge workers job jobs monitor monitoring Android iPhones notes boss after office day respond responding responded colleagues colleague all hours less effective research reseaarching researchers University of Florida Michigan State University University of Washington scholars conducted two studies worker worker's workers’ night time night-time nighttime technology habits sleep duration quality energy workplace engagement mid high level manager managers mid- to high-level managers morning use used 9:00 pm night how many hours they slept rate their agreement statements like drained lot effort concentrate on something afternoon assess statements work engagement today work working forget forgot prior studies have shown staying focused focus direct resisting distractions distracted effort interfere interferes with sleep takes a toll next day sleep quality fewer hours of sleep subject subjects report reported depleted reserves of self-control self control morning exhaustion book Sleeping With Your Smartphone Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow study studied executives Boston Consulting Group disconnect more excited about their work felt more satisfied satisfaction professional personal lives more collaborative efficient electronic device affects sleep quantity focus the following day especially draining always on always-on Christopher M. Barnes assistant professor management University of Washington’s Michael G. Foster School of Business co-author paper screen so close face faces prepare for sleep particular threshold affect sleep habits researchers research researching phone smartphone smart phone respond responses response Barnes change managers manager manage messages toning down expectations response time /